computer notes - Data Structures - 6
- 1. Class No.06 Data Structures http://ecomputernotes.com
- 2. Stack Using Linked List We can avoid the size limitation of a stack implemented with an array by using a linked list to hold the stack elements. As with array, however, we need to decide where to insert elements in the list and where to delete them so that push and pop will run the fastest. http://ecomputernotes.com
- 3. Stack Using Linked List For a singly-linked list, insert at start or end takes constant time using the head and current pointers respectively. Removing an element at the start is constant time but removal at the end required traversing the list to the node one before the last. Make sense to place stack elements at the start of the list because insert and removal are constant time. http://ecomputernotes.com
- 4. Stack Using Linked List No need for the current pointer; head is enough. top 2 5 7 1 1 7 5 2 head http://ecomputernotes.com
- 5. Stack Operation: List int pop() { int x = head->get(); Node* p = head; head = head->getNext(); delete p; return x; } top 2 5 7 1 7 5 2 head http://ecomputernotes.com
- 6. Stack Operation: List void push(int x) { Node* newNode = new Node(); newNode->set(x); newNode->setNext(head); head = newNode; } top 2 5 7 9 7 5 2 head push(9) 9 newNode http://ecomputernotes.com
- 7. Stack Operation: List int top() { return head->get(); } int IsEmpty() { return ( head == NULL ); } All four operations take constant time. http://ecomputernotes.com
- 8. Stack: Array or List Since both implementations support stack operations in constant time, any reason to choose one over the other? Allocating and deallocating memory for list nodes does take more time than preallocated array. List uses only as much memory as required by the nodes; array requires allocation ahead of time. List pointers (head, next) require extra memory. Array has an upper limit; List is limited by dynamic memory allocation. http://ecomputernotes.com
- 9. Use of Stack Example of use: prefix, infix, postfix expressions. Consider the expression A+B: we think of applying the operator “+” to the operands A and B. “ +” is termed a binary operator : it takes two operands. Writing the sum as A+B is called the infix form of the expression. http://ecomputernotes.com
- 10. Prefix, Infix, Postfix Two other ways of writing the expression are + A B prefix A B + postfix The prefixes “pre” and “post” refer to the position of the operator with respect to the two operands. http://ecomputernotes.com
- 11. Prefix, Infix, Postfix Consider the infix expression A + B * C We “know” that multiplication is done before addition. The expression is interpreted as A + ( B * C ) Multiplication has precedence over addition. http://ecomputernotes.com
- 12. Prefix, Infix, Postfix Conversion to postfix A + ( B * C ) infix form http://ecomputernotes.com
- 13. Prefix, Infix, Postfix Conversion to postfix A + ( B * C ) infix form A + ( B C * ) convert multiplication http://ecomputernotes.com
- 14. Prefix, Infix, Postfix Conversion to postfix A + ( B * C ) infix form A + ( B C * ) convert multiplication A ( B C * ) + convert addition http://ecomputernotes.com
- 15. Prefix, Infix, Postfix Conversion to postfix A + ( B * C ) infix form A + ( B C * ) convert multiplication A ( B C * ) + convert addition A B C * + postfix form http://ecomputernotes.com
- 16. Prefix, Infix, Postfix Conversion to postfix (A + B ) * C infix form http://ecomputernotes.com
- 17. Prefix, Infix, Postfix Conversion to postfix (A + B ) * C infix form ( A B + ) * C convert addition http://ecomputernotes.com
- 18. Prefix, Infix, Postfix Conversion to postfix (A + B ) * C infix form ( A B + ) * C convert addition ( A B + ) C * convert multiplication http://ecomputernotes.com
- 19. Prefix, Infix, Postfix Conversion to postfix (A + B ) * C infix form ( A B + ) * C convert addition ( A B + ) C * convert multiplication A B + C * postfix form http://ecomputernotes.com
- 20. Precedence of Operators The five binary operators are: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation. The order of precedence is (highest to lowest) Exponentiation Multiplication/division *, / Addition/subtraction +, - http://ecomputernotes.com
- 21. Precedence of Operators For operators of same precedence, the left-to-right rule applies: A+B+C means (A+B)+C. For exponentiation, the right-to-left rule applies A B C means A ( B C ) http://ecomputernotes.com
- 22. Infix to Postfix Infix Postfix A + B A B + 12 + 60 – 23 12 60 + 23 – (A + B)*(C – D ) A B + C D – * A B * C – D + E/F A B C*D – E F/+ http://ecomputernotes.com
Editor's Notes
- #3: End of lecture 5 You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #4: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #5: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #6: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #7: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #8: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #9: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #10: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #11: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #12: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #13: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #14: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #15: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #16: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #17: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #18: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #19: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #20: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #21: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #22: A primary concern for this course is efficiency. You might believe that faster computers make it unnecessary to be concerned with efficiency. However… So we need special training.
- #23: End of lecture 6